There he would reunite with Mozart who often visited him. In February 1778 Mesmer moved to Paris, rented an apartment in a part of the city preferred by the wealthy and powerful, and established a medical practice. The scandal that followed Mesmer's only partial success in curing the blindness of an 18-year-old musician, Maria Theresia Paradis, led him to leave Vienna in 1777. This confrontation between Mesmer's secular ideas and Gassner's religious beliefs marked the end of Gassner's career as well as, according to Henri Ellenberger, the emergence of dynamic psychiatry. Mesmer said that while Gassner was sincere in his beliefs, his cures resulted because he possessed a high degree of animal magnetism. In 1775, Mesmer was invited to give his opinion before the Munich Academy of Sciences on the exorcisms carried out by Johann Joseph Gassner (Gaßner), a priest and healer who grew up in Vorarlberg, Austria. In the same year Mesmer collaborated with Maximilian Hell. He soon stopped using magnets as a part of his treatment. He felt that he had contributed animal magnetism, which had accumulated in his work, to her. Mesmer did not believe that the magnets had achieved the cure on their own. She reported feeling streams of a mysterious fluid running through her body and was relieved of her symptoms for several hours. In 1774, Mesmer produced an "artificial tide" in a patient, Francisca Österlin, who suffered from hysteria, by having her swallow a preparation containing iron and then attaching magnets to various parts of her body. De planetarum influxu in corpus humanum Animal magnetism Hypnosis Mozart later immortalized his former patron by including a comedic reference to Mesmer in his opera Così fan tutte. 50), a one-act opera, though Mozart's biographer Nissen found no proof that this performance actually took place. 51), for which the twelve-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart had composed 500 pages of music, Mesmer is said to have arranged a performance in his garden of Mozart's Bastien und Bastienne (K. In 1768, when court intrigue prevented the performance of La finta semplice (K. In the summers he lived on a splendid estate and became a patron of the arts. In January 1768, Mesmer married Anna Maria von Posch, a wealthy widow, and established himself as a doctor in Vienna. However, in Mesmer's day doctoral theses were not expected to be original. Pattie suggests that Mesmer plagiarized most of his dissertation from other works, including De imperio solis ac lunae in corpora humana et morbius inde oriundis (1704) by Richard Mead, an eminent English physician and Newton's friend. This was not medical astrology.īuilding largely on Isaac Newton's theory of the tides, Mesmer expounded on certain tides in the human body that might be accounted for by the movements of the sun and moon. In 1766 he published a doctoral dissertation with the Latin title De planetarum influxu in corpus humanum ( On the Influence of the Planets on the Human Body), which discussed the influence of the moon and the planets on the human body and on disease. After studying at the Jesuit universities of Dillingen and Ingolstadt, he took up the study of medicine at the University of Vienna in 1759. He was a son of master forester Anton Mesmer (1701-after 1747) and his wife, Maria Ursula (née Michel 1701–1770). Mesmer was born in the village of Iznang (now part of the municipality of Moos), on the shore of Lake Constance in Swabia. Mesmer also supported the arts, specifically music he was on friendly terms with Haydn and Mozart. In 1843, the Scottish doctor James Braid proposed the term " hypnotism" for a technique derived from animal magnetism today the word " mesmerism" generally functions as a synonym of "hypnosis". Mesmer's theory attracted a wide following between about 17, and continued to have some influence until the end of the 19th century. He theorised the existence of a natural energy transference occurring between all animated and inanimate objects this he called " animal magnetism", sometimes later referred to as mesmerism. Franz Anton Mesmer ( / ˈ m ɛ z m ər/ German: – 5 March 1815) was a German physician with an interest in astronomy.
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